May 14th, 2010 
molitva leyli BOTTOM LONGLINES METHODS
Automatic bottom longline fishing gear- Demersal fishing-deck arrangement- Mustad
Soren Beck – Halibut – Norway-world’s record halibut
1. Gear configuration
With bottom-set longlines, the mainline and baited hooks are set along and in contact with the ocean floor. The mainline is generally made from negatively buoyant rope so that it rests on the bottom. Sometimes additional weights are attached to the mainline to reduce the chance of fish or currents moving the mainline and getting it tangled on the bottom (Chapman 1990). The mainline usually has a haul-in line on each end with a float to mark the position and support the weight of the haul-in line (Figure 1). The mainline is generally 250 to 350 m long, although this can be altered to suit the operation of the boat and the depth of water being fished. A general rule is to have the mainline shorter that the depth of water being worked, so that when the first hook reaches the surface the fisherman knows the last hook is off the bottom. The hooks are on individual snoods around 30 to 40 cm long, with a longline clip on the other end. The snoods are snapped onto the mainline at around one-metre intervals. This type of gear is generally used on a flat bottom with few obstacles, to reduce the chance of the mainline becoming stuck on the bottom. This type of gear has not been very successful in the Pacific due to the rough nature of the bottom being fished, which has resulted in considerable gear loss.
FIGURE 1. One type of bottom longline with a haul-in line at each end
An alternative type of bottom-set longline is being used in some locations in the Pacific because of the rough bottom being fished. In this case, a short mainline of 100 to 150 m in length is used and the mainline is made from polypropylene rope, which is positively buoyant (Figure 2). The snoods and spacing along the mainline are the same as other bottom longlines, and there is generally only one haul-in line as the mainline is so short. This type of gear has been more successful in the Pacific as it is short and can be better targeted, and there is less chance of getting the gear snagged on the bottom with less gear loss.
FIGURE 2. Alternative bottom longline using polypropylene rope mainline
2. Setting a bottom set longline
The most common and safest way to set bottom longlines from small craft is to use a shooting rail. The rail is a piece of aluminium ‘U’or channel beam or equivalent. The snoods are prepared by baiting each hook and placing it in the ‘U’or channel beam. The snap is allowed to hang down from the beam (Figure 3). The snap of each snood is then attached to the mainline in order, with around one metre of mainline between snaps (Figure 4). When all the snaps are attached to the mainline, it is ready for setting. The anchor or weight at the end of the mainline is let go and it starts to pull the baited hooks of the shooting rail in order as the boat motors forward. When all the snoods are set, the mainline is tied off and the boat stretches the mainline out to stop in settling in a pile on the bottom. When the mainline is stretched, the second anchor or weight is released and the haul-in line paid out. The float is then released and the gear allowed to settle and soak.
FIGURE 3 & 4. Baited snoods lined up ‘U’or channel beam & Snood snaps attached to the mainline in the ready for shooting the gear. Source : www.fao.org/
AUTOMATIC BOTTOM LONGLINE FISING GEAR SYSTEM FROM MUSTAD
Deep Sea System 1
For the ocean-going longliners using up to 70,000 hooks,
Port or Starboard versions are available to be custom fitted
on your vessel.
A typical system can consist of:
- High-Pressure Hauler
- Hook Separator
- Adjustable Magazine Storage
- Baiting Machine
automatic longline fishing gear sytem - Deep sea 1 – Mustad
Hook Sparator, SP2000 Hook Separator
Hook Separator and Adjustable Magazine Storage
Baiting Machine, Mark3 Baiting Machine
Deep Sea System 2
For the larger longliners with multiple fisheries requiring quick and easy conversion and limited space aft. Fishing 20,000 to 70,000 hooks.
A typical system can consist of:
- High Pressure Hauler.
- Hook Separator
- Automatic Magazine System
- Baiting Machine
automatic longline fishing gear sytem - Deep Sea System 2 – Mustad
High Pressure Hauler, H3000 Line Hauler, Mustad
Hook Sparator, SP2000 Hook Separator
Automatic Magazine System, Adjustable Storage Magazine
Baiting Machine, Super baiter
For more information, please visit http://www.mustad-autoline.com/
ABOUT HALIBUT
Halibut is a flatfish of the genus Hippoglossus from the family of the right-eye flounders (Pleuronectidae). Various other flatfish are also commonly called halibut. The name is derived from haly (holy) and butt (flat fish), for its alleged popularity on Catholic holy-days. Halibut live in both the North Pacific and the North Atlantic oceans and are highly regarded food fish.
Physical characteristics
The halibut is the largest flat fish, averaging 11–13.5 kilograms (24–30 lb), but catch as large as 333 kilograms (734 lb) have been reported; the largest recently recorded was 211 kilograms (470 lb) and 2.5 metres (8.2 ft) long. They are gray-black on the top side with an off-white underbelly. At birth they have an eye on each side of the head, and swim like a salmon. After about 6 months one eye migrates to the other side, making them look more like other flounder. At the same time the stationary-eyed side darkens to match the top side, while the other side remains white. This color scheme disguises halibut from above (blending with the ocean floor) and from below (blending into the light from the sky) and is known as countershading.
Halibut Diet
Halibut feed on almost any animal they can fit in their mouths. Animals found in their stomachs include sand lance, octopus, crab, salmon, hermit crabs, lamprey, sculpin, cod, pollock, herring, flounder as well as other halibut. Halibut live at depths ranging from a few meters to hundreds of meters deep, and although they spend most of their time near the bottom, halibut may move up in the water column to feed. In most ecosystems the halibut is near the top of the marine food chain. In the North Pacific their only common predators are the sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus), the orca (Orcinus orca), and the salmon shark (Lamna ditropis).
Halibut fishery
The North Pacific commercial halibut fishery dates to the late 19th century and today is one of the region’s largest and most lucrative. In Canadian and U.S. waters, longline predominates, using chunks of octopus (“devilfish”) or other bait on circle hooks attached at regular intervals to a weighted line that can extend for several miles across the bottom. Typically the fishing vessel retrieves the line after several hours to a day.
Careful international management is necessary, because the species occupies waters of the United States, Canada, Russia, and possibly Japan (known to the Japanese as Ohyo), and matures slowly. Halibut do not reproduce until age eight, when they are approximately 30 inches (76 cm) long, so commercial capture below this length prevents breeding and is against U.S. and Canadian regulations that ensure sustainability. Pacific halibut fishing is managed by the International Pacific Halibut Commission (IPHC).
For most of the modern era, halibut fishery operated as a derby. Regulators declared time slots when fishing was open (typically 24–48 hours at a time) and fisherman raced to catch as many pounds as they could within that interval. This approach accommodated unlimited participation in the fishery while allowing regulators to control the quantity of fish caught annually by controlling the number and timing of openings. The approach frequently led to unsafe fishing as openings were necessarily set before the weather was known, forcing fisherman to leave port regardless of the weather. The approach also provided fresh halibut to the markets for only several weeks each year.
As food
Halibut are typically broiled, deep-fried or lightly grilled while fresh. Smoking is more difficult with halibut meat than it is with salmon, due to its ultra-low fat content. Eaten fresh, the meat has a very ‘clean’ taste and requires little seasoning. Halibut is also noted for its very dense and firm texture, akin to chicken.
Halibut have been an important food source to Native Americans and Canadian First Nations for thousands of years and continue to be a key element to many coastal subsistence economies. Accommodating the competing interests of commercial, sport, and subsistence users remains a difficult challenge.
The Atlantic population has been extremely depleted through overfishing to such an extent that it may be declared an endangered species. According to Seafood Watch, consumers should avoid Atlantic halibut. Almost all halibut available on the East coast are from the Pacific.
Species of the genus Hippoglossus (proper halibut)
- Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus
- Pacific halibut, Hippoglossus stenolepis
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